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1.
Rev. bras. ginecol. obstet ; 44(4): 376-384, Apr. 2022. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1387889

RESUMO

Abstract Objective The presence of an extensive intraductal component is associated to an increasing risk of relapse in the nipple-areola complex. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the outcomes of patients diagnosed with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) who underwent nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) with immediate breast reconstruction using silicone implants. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the postoperative complications and oncological safety of 67 breast cancer patients diagnosed with pure DCIS who underwent NSM with immediate breast reconstruction using silicone implants between 2004 and 2018. Results Among the 127 NSM procedures performed, 2 hematomas (1.5%) and 1 partial nipple necrosis (0.7%) were observed. After a mean follow-up of 60months, the local recurrence rate was of 8.9%, the disease-free survival rate was of 90%, and 1 of the patients died. Conclusion Despite the local recurrence rate, we showed that NSM with immediate breast reconstruction using silicone implants is a feasible surgical approach, with a low rate of complications and high survival rates for patients with a diagnosis of pure DCIS when breast-conserving surgery is not an option.


Resumo Objetivo A presença de componente intraductal extenso é associada ao risco aumentado de recorrência no complexo aréolo-mamilar. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os resultados de pacientes diagnosticados com carcinoma ductal in situ (CDIS)submetidas a adenomastectomia (nipple-sparing mastectomy, NSM, em inglês) com reconstrução mamária imediata utilizando prótese de silicone. Métodos Restrospectivamente, foramanalisadas as complicações pós-operatórias e a segurança oncológica de 67 pacientes com câncer de mama diagnosticadas com CDIS puro, e submetidas a NSM com reconstrução mamária imediata utilizando prótese de silicone, entre 2004 e 2018. Resultados Entre os 127 procedimentos realizados, 2 hematomas (1,5%) e 1 necrose parcial de mamilo (0,7%) foram observados. Após um período médio de 60 meses de seguimento, a taxa de recorrência local foi de 8,9%, a sobrevida livre de doença, de 90%, e apenas 1 paciente foi a óbito. Conclusão Apesar da taxa de recorrência local, demostrou-se que NSM com reconstrução mamária imediata comprótese de silicone é umprocedimento viável, combaixa taxa de complicação e alta sobrevida para pacientes com diagnóstico de CDIS puro quando a cirurgia conservadora da mama não é uma opção.


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Mastectomia Subcutânea , Carcinoma Intraductal não Infiltrante/tratamento farmacológico
2.
Rev. méd. Minas Gerais ; 31: 31410, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês, Português | LILACS | ID: biblio-1291387

RESUMO

Apesar de fibroadenoma ser uma das lesões mais comuns da mama, sua correlação a alteração maligna é rara.1,2,3,5,7 Quando ocorre tem apresentação clínica similar a dos fibroadenomas típicos, diagnóstico anatomopatológico em geral pós-cirúrgico e tratamento conforme do carcinoma do mesmo tipo histológico isolado.1,2,3,4,6 Apresentamos caso de mulher de 52 anos, apresentando em propedêutica investigativa nódulo em mama direita. Core-biopsy sugeriu carcinoma ductal in situ desenvolvido dentro de fibroadenoma, confirmado em análise anatomopatológica pósoperatória. Tratamento e seguimento se deu conforme já estabelecido pela literatura para carcinoma in situ. Devido baixa incidência, há poucas evidências científicas quanto ao diagnóstico, tratamento e prognóstico desse tipo de lesão. Portanto, apresentar à comunidade científica casos de carcinoma inclusos a fibroadenoma se faz relevante.


Although fibroadenoma is one of the most common lesions of the breast, its correlation with malignant changes is rare. When it occurs, the clinical presentation is similar to typical fibroadenomas, anatomopathological diagnosis is after surgery and treatment goes according to the carcinoma histological type. A case of a 52-year-old woman is presented, with an impalpable nodule in the right breast, diagnosed from screening exams. Corebiopsy suggested carcinoma ductal in situ developed within fibroadenoma, confirmed in the postoperative anatomopathological analysis. Treatment and follow-up followed as established in the literature for carcinoma in situ. Due the low incidence, there are poor scientific evidence regarding the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of this type of injury. Therefore, presenting cases of Carcinoma ductal in situ arising in a fibroadenoma to the scientific community is so relevant.


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fibroadenoma , Carcinoma Intraductal não Infiltrante , Mama , Neoplasias da Mama , Carcinoma , Carcinoma in Situ
3.
Rev. bras. cancerol ; 66(4): e-15956, 2020.
Artigo em Português | LILACS | ID: biblio-1140895

RESUMO

Introdução: O câncer de mama é a neoplasia que mais acomete o sexo feminino, sendo a primeira causa de morte por câncer em mulheres.O carcinoma mamário representa um grupo heterogêneo de doenças. Casos individuais diferem uns dos outros na morfologia, fenótipo e prognóstico. As patologias malignas das mamas podem se manifestar como tumores unifocais, multifocais e/ou multicêntricos. A incidência de tumores multifocais e multicêntricos no câncer de mama varia de 13% a 70%. Relato do caso: Paciente L.C., sexo feminino, 65 anos, com relato de nódulo palpável em mama direita em setembro de 2015. O estudo anatomopatológicodo nódulo mostrou carcinoma intraductal. Realizada quadrantectomia, com anatomopatológico que identificou carcinoma papilífero bem diferenciado intracístico e invasivo damama, associado a componente intraductal cribriforme e papilar, com margens e linfonodo sentinela livres e imuno-histoquímica compatível com perfil triplo-negativo. Em fevereiro de 2019, apresentou duas novas lesões em mama contralateral, identificadas como carcinoma ductal invasivo multifocal com papiloma intraductal associado, e carcinoma ductal invasivo associado a componente intraductal in situ dos tipos papilar, sólido e cribriforme, com imuno-histoquímica com perfis moleculares distintos entre si, sendo uma lesão do tipo luminal A e a outra, luminal híbrido. Conclusão: Este estudo relata um caso de uma paciente que apresentou lesões neoplásicas em ambas as mamas, em tempos distintos e com perfis histológicos e imuno-histoquímicos diferentes. Dessa forma, destacam-se a raridade do caso e a relevância da terapia dirigida a alvos específicos, uma vez que a paciente apresentava lesões com perfis moleculares distintos.


Introduction: Breast cancer is the neoplasm that most affects females, being the first cause of death by cancer in women. Breast carcinoma is a heterogeneous group of diseases. Individual cases differ from each other in morphology, phenotype and prognosis. Malignant breast pathologies can manifest as single, multifocal and/or multicentric tumors. The incidence of multifocal and multicentric tumors in breast cancer varies from 13% to 70%. Case report: Patient L.C., female, 65 years old, with a palpable nodule in the right breast in September 2015. The anatomopathological study of the nodule showed intraductal carcinoma. She underwent quadrantectomy, with anatomopathological examination that identified well-differentiated intracystic and invasive papillary carcinoma of the breast, associated with a cribriform and papillary intraductal component, with free sentinel lymph node and margins and immunohistochemistry compatible with triple negative profile. In February 2019, she presented two new lesions in contralateral breast, identified as invasive multifocal ductal carcinoma, with associated intraductal papilloma, and invasive ductal carcinoma, associated with an in situ intraductal component of the papillary, solid and cribriform types, with immunohistochemistry with different molecular profiles, being one lesion classified as luminal A and the other, hybrid luminal. Conclusion: This study reports a case of a patient who had neoplastic lesions in both breasts, at different times and with distinctive histological and immunohistochemical profiles. Thus, the rarity of the case and the relevance of the therapy aimed at specific targets are highlighted, since the patient presented lesions with different molecular profiles.


Introducción: El cáncer de mama es la neoplasia que más afecta a las mujeres, siendo la primera causa de muerte por cáncer en las mujeres. El carcinoma de mama representa un grupo heterogéneo de enfermedades. Los casos individuales difieren entre sí en morfología, fenotipo y pronóstico. Las patologías mamarias malignas pueden manifestarse como tumores únicos, multifocales y/o multicéntricos. La incidencia de tumores multifocales y multicéntricos en el cáncer de mama varía del 13% al 70%. Relato del caso: Paciente L.C., mujer, 65 años, con un nódulo palpable en el seno derecho en septiembre de 2015. El estudio anatomopatológico de la lesión mostró carcinoma intraductal. La paciente se sometió a una cuadrantectomía, con un examen anatomopatológico que identificó un carcinoma papilar invasivo e intraquístico bien diferenciado de mama, asociado con un componente intraductal cribiforme y papilar, con ganglio linfático y márgens libres y inmunohistoquímica compatible con perfil triple negativo. En febrero de 2019, presentó dos nuevas lesiones en el seno contralateral, identificadas como carcinoma ductal multifocal invasivo, con papiloma intraductal asociado y carcinoma ductal invasivo, asociado con un componente intraductal in situ de los tipos papilar, sólido y cribiforme, con inmunohistoquímica con diferentes perfiles moleculares, siendo una lesión del tipo luminal A y la otra, luminal híbrida. Conclusión: Este estudio reporta un caso de una paciente que tenía lesiones neoplásicas en ambos senos, en diferentes momentos y con diferentes perfiles histológicos e inmunohistoquímicos. Por lo tanto, se destaca la rareza del caso y la relevancia de la terapia dirigida a objetivos específicos, una vez que la paciente presentó lesiones con diferentes perfiles moleculares.


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Idoso , Neoplasias da Mama , Carcinoma Ductal de Mama , Mastectomia Segmentar , Quimioterapia Adjuvante , Carcinoma Intraductal não Infiltrante , Radioterapia Adjuvante
4.
Journal of Breast Cancer ; : 107-112, 2020.
Artigo em Inglês | WPRIM | ID: wpr-811191

RESUMO

Minimal invasive surgical technique has been increasingly applied to breast surgery. Since the first robot-assisted nipple-sparing mastectomy was introduced, we have been performing nipple-sparing mastectomy using multi-port robotic surgical system. Last year, the new robotic surgical system with single port was introduced. We report the development of a robotic nipple-sparing mastectomy with immediate reconstruction through a single incision using the updated single-port surgical robot system for a patient with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Breast reconstruction was performed using implants. Postoperative pathological examination revealed DCIS in both breasts. There were no major immediate complications, except for a minor skin burn on the right breast. Overall, the initial operation using the updated platform was safely performed.


Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Mama , Neoplasias da Mama , Queimaduras , Carcinoma Intraductal não Infiltrante , Mamoplastia , Mastectomia , Mastectomia Subcutânea , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Minimamente Invasivos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Robóticos , Pele
5.
Korean Journal of Radiology ; : 259-267, 2020.
Artigo em Inglês | WPRIM | ID: wpr-810988

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To examine time trends in ultrasonography (US)-guided 14-gauge core needle biopsy (CNB) for breast lesions based on the lesion size, Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) category, and pathologic findings.MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed consecutive US-guided 14-gauge CNBs performed from January 2005 to December 2016 at our institution. A total of 22,297 breast lesions were included. The total number of biopsies, tumor size (≤ 10 mm to > 40 mm), BI-RADS category (1 to 5), and pathologic findings (benign, high risk, ductal carcinoma in situ [DCIS], invasive cancer) were examined annually, and the malignancy rate was analyzed based on the BI-RADS category.RESULTS: Both the total number of US scans and US-guided CNBs increased while the proportion of US-guided CNBs to the total number of US scans decreased significantly. The number of biopsies classified based on the tumor size, BI-RADS category, and pathologic findings all increased over time, except for BI-RADS categories 1 or 2 and category 3 (odds ratio [OR] = 0.951 per year, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.902, 1.002 and odds ratio = 0.979, 95% CI: 0.970, 0.988, respectively). Both the unadjusted and adjusted total malignancy rates and the DCIS rate increased significantly over time. BI-RADS categories 4a, 4b, and 4c showed a significant increasing trend in the total malignancy rate and DCIS rate.CONCLUSION: The malignancy rate in the results of US-guided 14-gauge CNB for breast lesions increased as the total number of biopsies increased from 2005 to 2016. This trend persisted after adjusting for the BI-RADS category.


Assuntos
Biópsia , Biópsia com Agulha de Grande Calibre , Neoplasias da Mama , Mama , Carcinoma Intraductal não Infiltrante , Biópsia Guiada por Imagem , Sistemas de Informação , Razão de Chances , Estudos Retrospectivos , Ultrassonografia
6.
Rev. argent. mastología ; 38(137): 38-52, abr. 2019. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1116958

RESUMO

Introducción Las pacientes con Carcinoma Ductal in Situ de mama (cdis) tienen mayor riesgo de desarrollar carcinoma invasor. Aquellas con receptores hormonales positivos se beneficiarían con hormonoterapia. El largo período de tratamiento y los efectos adversos asociados al mismo hacen dificultosa la adherencia. Objetivos El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar la adherencia a la hormonoterapia en pacientes operadas por Carcinoma Ductal in Situ en el Hospital Universitario Austral. Material y método Es un estudio observacional, analítico, de corte transversal. Se incluyeron pacientes con diagnóstico de Carcinoma Ductal in Situ que fueron intervenidas quirúrgicamente en el Hospital Universitario Austral en el período comprendido entre el 24 de julio de 2000 y el 5 de julio de 2017. Los datos fueron recopilados a través de una encuesta. Resultados Se obtuvieron 100 encuestas. La adherencia fue del 82%. La misma no se modificó según edad, conocimiento de riesgos y beneficios del tratamiento, tipo y número de cirugías, radioterapia y número de consultas. Las reacciones adversas a la medicación fueron la causa más frecuente de abandono al tratamiento. Conclusiones El tratamiento multidisciplinario podría asegurar un óptimo nivel de adherencia


Introduction Patients with Ductal Carcinoma in Situ of the breast (dcis) have a higher risk of developing invasive carcinoma. Those with hormone receptor-positive would benefit from hormonal therapy. The long period of treatment and the associated adverse events make adherence difficult. Objectives The aim of this study is to analyze the adherence of hormonal therapy in operated patients with Ductal Carcinoma in Situ at Hospital Universitario Austral. Materials and method It is an observational, analytical and cross-sectional study. Patients diagnosed with Ductal Carcinoma in Situ who underwent surgery at Hospital Universitario Austral in the period between 07/24/2000 and 07/05/2017 were included. The data was collected through a survey. Results 100 surveys were obtained. The adherence was 82%. It was not modified according to age, knowledge of risks and benefits of the treatment, type and number of surgeries, radiotherapy and number of consultations. Adverse events were the most frequent cause of discontinue of treatment. Conclusions Multidisciplinary treatment could ensure an optimal level of adherence


Assuntos
Tamoxifeno , Neoplasias da Mama , Carcinoma Intraductal não Infiltrante
7.
Rev. argent. mastología ; 38(137): 69-84, abr. 2019. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1116966

RESUMO

Introducción En el carcinoma intraductal o carcinoma ductal in situ (cdis), la sobreexpresión del her2 neu (her2 neu+), alcanza un 60 a 70% de los casos y se asocia con la presencia de alto grado nuclear, comedo-necrosis y baja expresión de receptores hormonales. La asociación entre la sobreexpresión de her2 neu, receptor de estrógeno negativo (re) y alta expresión de factor de proliferación Ki67 (>14%) en pacientes con cdis tendría mayor riesgo de recurrencia local. Objetivos Determinar la frecuencia de sobreexpresión del factor de membrana epidérmico her2 neu en los carcinomas ductales in situ de mama y su relación con la recurrencia local de la enfermedad. Asimismo, determinar la relación entre la sobreexpresión del her2 neu y la supervivencia libre de enfermedad (sle), la supervivencia global (sg), los receptores hormonales y Ki67, y el tipo de recurrencia. Material y método Estudio retrospectivo que incluye pacientes con diagnóstico de cdis de mama en el Servicio de Mastología del Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires operadas entre enero de 2006 y diciembre de 2014. Las variables analizadas fueron la edad, el estado menopáusico, la forma de presentación, el tratamiento quirúrgico y adyuvante, el diagnóstico anátomo-patológico y la inmunohistoquímica, la supervivencia libre de enfermedad y la supervivencia global. Resultados Se incluyeron en el estudio 252 pacientes que cumplían con los criterios de inclusión, agrupándolas según la sobreexpresión o no del receptor de membrana her2 neu en el resultado anátomo-patológico de la pieza operatoria. Sobreexpresaron el receptor de membrana her2 neu (her2 neu+) 86 pacientes (34,1%), mientras que 166 pacientes (65,9%) fueron her2 neu negativo (her2 neu­). Se observó menor número de re negativo en el grupo her2 neu­ (8,4%) vs las pacientes del grupo her2 neu+ (39,5%) (p<0,001). Se registraron 24 recurrencias locales (9,52%), 8 de ellas del grupo her2 neu­ (4,8%) y las 16 restantes del grupo her2 neu+ (18,6%). Se halló una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre la recurrencia local y la sobreexpresión de her2 neu: p=0,04. Conclusiones Se encontró que la sobreexpresión del her2 neu se asoció a una mayor tasa de recurrencia local del carcinoma ductal in situ, con una menor sle en este grupo. También hubo un mayor número de tumores con receptores hormonales negativos en el grupo her2 neu+. En cuanto a la sg, no encontramos diferencias entre ambos grupos


Introduction The incidence of human epidermal growth factor 2 (her2 neu) overexpression or amplification in ductal carcinoma in situ (dcis) is between 60 to 70%, and is associated with the presence of high nuclear grade, comedonecrosis, and low expression of hormonal receptors. There is a higher risk of local recurrence in patients with dcis that overexpress her2 neu, have negative estrogen receptor and high Ki67 (>14%). Objectives Identify patients diagnosed with dcis that overexpressed her2 neu, and its association with local recurrence. Likewise, determine the relationship between her2 neu amplification and disease free survival (dfs), overall survival (os), and expression of hormonal receptors, Ki67 and the type of recurrence. Materials and method Retrospective study, that included patients with dcis diagnosed and surgically treated in the Breast Service of Hospital Britanico de Buenos Aires between January 2006 and December 2014. Demographic information analyzed included age, menopausal status, type of presentation, surgery and adjuvant therapy, histopathological analysis and immunohistochemistry (ihc), dfs and os. Results 252 patients were included and divided in two groups according to the her2 neu expression in the histopathologic result after surgery. The overexpression of her2 neu (her2 neu positive/her2 neu+) was found in 86 patients (34.1%) and 166 patients (65,9%) were her2 neu negative (her2 neu­). In the her2 neu­ group we found less negative estrogen receptor (8.4%) than in the her2 neu+ group (39.5%) (p<0.001). There were 24 local recurrence (9.52%): 8 were her2 neu­ (4.8%) and 16 were her2 neu+ (18.6%). The association between local recurrence and her2 neu overexpression was statistically significant in our analysis: p=0.04. Conclusions The her2 neu overexpression was related with a higher recurrence rate, less dfs. There was also a higher number of tumors with negative estrogen receptor that overexpressed her2 neu. No difference was found in the os between groups


Assuntos
Mama , Carcinoma Intraductal não Infiltrante , Necrose
8.
Yonsei Medical Journal ; : 1028-1035, 2019.
Artigo em Inglês | WPRIM | ID: wpr-762057

RESUMO

PURPOSE: To validate and update a nomogram for predicting ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) upstaging in preoperative biopsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Medical records of 444 preoperative DCIS patients were evaluated and used to validate a previous version of the Severance nomogram for predicting DCIS upstaging in preoperative biopsy. Patients were divided into two groups according to the final postoperative pathology. Univariate and multivariate analyses with the chi-square test, Student's t-test, and binary logistic regression method identified new significant variables. The updated nomogram was evaluated with the C-index and Hosmer—Lemeshow goodness of fit test. RESULTS: The area under a receiver operating characteristic curve for comparison with the previous nomogram was 0.48. In postoperative pathology, the pure DCIS and invasive cancer groups comprised 345 and 99 cases, respectively. Approximately 22.3% of patients preoperatively diagnosed with DCIS were upstaged to invasive cancer. Significant variables in the univariate analysis were operation type, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 overexpression, comedo necrosis, sonographic mass, mammographic mass, preoperative biopsy method, and suspicious microinvasion in preoperative biopsy. In multivariate analysis, operation type, sonographic mass, mammographic mass, and suspicious microinvasion were risk factors for upstaging. The updated model with these variables showed moderate discrimination and was appropriate in the calibration test. CONCLUSION: The previous nomogram did not effectively discriminate upstaging of preoperative DCIS in an independent cohort. An updated version of the nomogram appears to provide more accurate information for predicting preoperative DCIS upstaging.


Assuntos
Humanos , Biópsia , Neoplasias da Mama , Mama , Calibragem , Carcinoma Ductal , Carcinoma Intraductal não Infiltrante , Estudos de Coortes , Discriminação Psicológica , Modelos Logísticos , Prontuários Médicos , Métodos , Análise Multivariada , Necrose , Nomogramas , Patologia , Receptores ErbB , Fatores de Risco , Curva ROC , Ultrassonografia
9.
Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; : 125-135, 2019.
Artigo em Inglês | WPRIM | ID: wpr-764171

RESUMO

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate dynamic contrast-enhanced breast magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI), and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) variables, for axillary lymph node (ALN) metastasis in the early stage of breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: January 2011–April 2015, 787 patients with early stage of breast cancer were retrospectively reviewed. Only cases of invasive ductal carcinoma, were included in the patient population. Among them, 240 patients who underwent 3.0-T DCE-MRI, including DWI with b value 0 and 800 s/mm² were enrolled. MRI variables (adjacent vessel sign, whole-breast vascularity, initial enhancement pattern, quantitative kinetic parameters, signal enhancement ratio (SER), tumor apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), peritumoral ADC, and peritumor-tumor ADC ratio) clinico-pathologic variables (age, T stage, multifocality, extensive intraductal carcinoma component (EIC), estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, HER-2 status, Ki-67, molecular subtype, histologic grade, and nuclear grade) were compared between patients with axillary lymph node metastasis and those with no lymph node metastasis. Multivariate regression analysis was performed, to determine independent variables associated with ALN metastasis, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), for predicting ALN metastasis was analyzed, for those variables. RESULTS: On breast MRI, moderate or prominent ipsilateral whole-breast vascularity (moderate, odds ratio [OR] 3.45, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.28–9.51 vs. prominent, OR = 15.59, 95% CI 2.52–96.46), SER (OR = 1.68, 95% CI 1.09–2.59), and peritumor-tumor ADC ratio (OR = 6.77, 95% CI 2.41–18.99), were independently associated with ALN metastasis. Among clinico-pathologic variables, HER-2 positivity was independently associated, with ALN metastasis (OR = 23.71, 95% CI 10.50–53.54). The AUC for combining selected MRI variables and clinico-pathologic variables, was higher than that of clinico-pathologic variables (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: SER, moderate or prominent increased whole breast vascularity, and peritumor-tumor ADC ratio on breast MRI, are valuable in predicting ALN metastasis, in patients with early stage of breast cancer.


Assuntos
Humanos , Área Sob a Curva , Neoplasias da Mama , Mama , Carcinoma Ductal , Carcinoma Intraductal não Infiltrante , Difusão , Imagem de Difusão por Ressonância Magnética , Estrogênios , Linfonodos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Metástase Neoplásica , Razão de Chances , Receptores de Progesterona , Estudos Retrospectivos , Curva ROC
10.
The Malaysian Journal of Pathology ; : 207-211, 2019.
Artigo em Inglês | WPRIM | ID: wpr-750453

RESUMO

@#Introduction: Salivary gland intraductal carcinoma (IDC) is rare. We present the second case of IDC originating from an intraparotid lymph node (LN) with a more detailed description of the histogenesis, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and updated molecular information. Case Report: An 87-year-old male had a tumour nodule over the left parotid tail for about 20 years. Physical examinations revealed a 4.5 cm soft, non-tender and fixed mass. After the left parotidectomy, pathology confirmed the diagnosis of IDC arising within an intraparotid lymph node. The cystic component of the tumour was lined by single to multilayered ductal cells with micropapillary growth pattern. The solid part showed intraductal proliferation of neoplastic cells in solid, cribriform, micropapillary and Roman bridge-like structure. By immunohistochemistry (IHC), the tumour cells were positive for S-100, CK (AE1/AE3), mammaglobin, SOX10, and estrogen receptor (ER), with myoepithelial cell rimming highlighted by positive p63 and calponin IHC stains. The prognosis of this patient is excellent after complete excision. Discussion: The mechanism of salivary gland tumour arising in the intra-parotid gland LN was assumed to be related to salivary duct inclusion within the intraparotid gland LN which is a normal occurrence during embryology development. Although the terminology may raise some confusion about the relationship between IDC and conventional salivary duct carcinoma (SDA), they are different in immunophenotype and clinicopathologic features. IDC is characterised by S100 (+) ER (+) with predominant intraductal growth and excellent prognosis; while SDC features S100 (-) androgen receptor (+) with predominant invasive growth and aggressive behavior. Recent discovery of recurrent RET gene rearrangement in IDC but not SDC also supports that IDC is not precursor lesion of the SDC.


Assuntos
Carcinoma Intraductal não Infiltrante
11.
Korean Journal of Radiology ; : 58-68, 2019.
Artigo em Inglês | WPRIM | ID: wpr-719597

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To compare digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) and conventional full-field digital mammography (FFDM) in the detectability of breast cancers in patients with dense breast tissue, and to determine the influencing factors in the detection of breast cancers using the two techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three blinded radiologists independently graded cancer detectability of 300 breast cancers (288 women with dense breasts) on DBT and conventional FFDM images, retrospectively. Hormone status, histologic grade, T stage, and breast cancer subtype were recorded to identify factors affecting cancer detectability. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare cancer detectability by DBT and conventional FFDM. Fisher's exact tests were used to determine differences in cancer characteristics between detectability groups. Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to determine whether the detectability score differed according to cancer characteristics. RESULTS: Forty breast cancers (13.3%) were detectable only with DBT; 191 (63.7%) breast cancers were detected with both FFDM and DBT, and 69 (23%) were not detected with either. Cancer detectability scores were significantly higher for DBT than for conventional FFDM (median score, 6; range, 0–6; p < 0.001). The DBT-only cancer group had more invasive lobular-type breast cancers (22.5%) than the other two groups (i.e., cancer detected on both types of image [both-detected group], 5.2%; cancer not detected on either type of image [both-non-detected group], 7.3%), and less detectability of ductal carcinoma in situ (5% vs. 16.8% [both-detected group] vs. 27.5% [both-non-detected group]). Low-grade cancers were more often detected in the DBT-only group than in the both-detected group (22.5% vs. 10%, p = 0.026). Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2)-negative cancers were more often detected in the DBT-only group than in the both-detected group (92.3% vs. 70.5%, p = 0.004). Cancers surrounded by mostly glandular tissue were detected less often in the DBT only group than in the both-non-detected group (10% vs. 31.9%, p = 0.016). DBT cancer detectability scores were significantly associated with cancer type (p = 0.012), histologic grade (p = 0.013), T and N stage (p = 0.001, p = 0.024), proportion of glandular tissue surrounding lesions (p = 0.013), and lesion type (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Invasive lobular, low-grade, or HER-2-negative cancer is more detectable with DBT than with conventional FFDM in patients with dense breasts, but cancers surrounded by mostly glandular tissue might be missed with both techniques.


Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Neoplasias da Mama , Mama , Carcinoma Intraductal não Infiltrante , Fator de Crescimento Epidérmico , Mamografia , Estudos Retrospectivos
12.
Acta Academiae Medicinae Sinicae ; (6): 737-745, 2019.
Artigo em Chinês | WPRIM | ID: wpr-781666

RESUMO

To explore the values of minimal apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC),difference between ratios of apparent diffusion coefficients(ADC),and dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging(DCE-MRI)in the treatment of breast ductal carcinoma in situ with microinvasion(DCIS-Mi). Totally 27 patients with DCIS-Mi and 31 patients with breast ductal carcinoma in situ(DCIS)were collected in our hospital from October,2016 to June,2018.Philips Ingenia 3.0T superconducting magnetic resonance scanner and dedicated phase-controlled array surface coil were used for breast examinations.ADC and maximum apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC)were selected from multiple regions of interest(ROI)in the apparent diffusion coefficients(ADC)figure,and ADC was calculated.In addition,DCE-MRI characteristics were analyzed. The ADC of DCIS-Mi was significantly lower than that of DCIS[(1.15±0.03)×10 mm /s .(1.34±0.04)×10 mm /s,=-7.192,=0.002],the ADC was significantly higher than that of DCIS[(0.32±0.03)×10 mm /s .(0.18±0.08)×10 mm /s,=-10.228,<0.001],and the early enhancement rate of DCIS-Mi was higher than that of DCIS[159.71(157.82,162.49)% .147.29(143.59,160.22)%,=-3.578,=0.007].The background parenchymal enhancement of DCIS-Mi was moderate,severe,and non-lump-like,mainly segmental,and the internal enhancement was heterogeneous or clustered circular.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that non-internal characteristics of the mass,the edge of the mass,internal enhancement characteristics of the mass,time-intensity curve,early enhancement rate,ADC and ADC were the optimal variables for the diagnosis of DCIS-Mi,and the optimal variables were shown by receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis:the area under curve,sensitivity and specificity of ADC,ADC,non-tumor internal enhancement,and tumor internal enhancement were higher,with the critical values being 1.12×10 mm /s,0.31×10 mm /s,1.50,and 1.50,respectively. DCE-MRI combined with ADC value(especially ADC,ADC,non-mass internal enhancement,and mass internal enhancement)is helpful in differentiating breast DCIS-Mi and DCIS.


Assuntos
Humanos , Mama , Neoplasias da Mama , Diagnóstico por Imagem , Carcinoma Intraductal não Infiltrante , Diagnóstico por Imagem , Imagem de Difusão por Ressonância Magnética , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética
13.
Rev. argent. radiol ; 82(3): 114-123, set. 2018. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-977272

RESUMO

Las lesiones mamarias se dividen histológicamente en dos grandes grupos, malignas y benignas. Las lesiones malignas pueden ser de origen ductal o lobulillar, siendo el carcinoma ductal infiltrante la neoplasia invasiva más frecuente. Las lesiones benignas se clasifican en no proliferativas, proliferativas sin atipias y proliferativas con atipias. Dentro de los dos últimos grupos se encuentran entidades que conllevan un alto riesgo de desarrollar carcinoma de mama, como pueden ser la hiperplasia ductal atípica, la cicatriz radial o la neoplasia lobular. Revisamos en qué consisten dichas entidades y cuáles son sus características principales en imagen, fundamentalmente en mamografía y ecografía. Si tras realizar una biopsia se obtiene uno de esos diagnósticos histológicos, es importante analizar las características imagenológicas y el tipo de procedimiento realizado (número de cilindros obtenidos, calibre de aguja...), para realizar un adecuado manejo posterior. En algunos casos la actitud a seguir será la extirpación quirúrgica completa de la lesión, mientras que en otros se podrá realizar una extirpación percutánea (mediante biopsia con aguja de vacio), o incluso seguimiento estricto por imagen. Mediante diferentes casos mostraremos nuestra experiencia y analizaremos la literatura vigente para recordar esas entidades y llegar a un consenso adecuado sobre el manejo de las mismas.


Breast lesions are divided histologically into two large groups, malignant and benign. Malignant lesions may be of ductal or lobular origin, with infiltrating ductal carcinoma being the most frequent invasive neoplasm. Benign breast lesions are classified as proliferative, proliferative without atypia and proliferative with atypia. Within the last two classifications are entities that carry a high risk of developing breast carcinoma, such as atypical ductal hyperplasia, radial scar or lobular neoplasia. We review what these entities consist of and what are their fundamental characteristics in image, fundamentally in mammography and ultrasound. When we perform one of these histological diagnoses after a biopsy, it is important to analyze the radiological characteristics and the type of procedure performed (number of cylinders, needle gauge ...) to perform an appropriate posterior management. In some cases the attitude to be followed will be the complete surgical removal of the lesion, while in others a percutaneous excision (through vacuum needle biopsy) or even strict image follow-up may be performed. Through different cases we will show our experience and analyze current literature to remember these entities and reach an adequate management consensus.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Mama/lesões , Mama/patologia , Mama/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico por imagem , Carcinoma Intraductal não Infiltrante/diagnóstico por imagem , Tumor Filoide/diagnóstico por imagem , Fasciite/diagnóstico por imagem , Carcinoma de Mama in situ/diagnóstico por imagem , Tamoxifeno/uso terapêutico , Mama/cirurgia , Mamografia , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Ultrassonografia , Carcinoma Intraductal não Infiltrante/cirurgia , Carcinoma Intraductal não Infiltrante/tratamento farmacológico , Tumor Filoide/cirurgia , Cloridrato de Raloxifeno/uso terapêutico , Inibidores da Aromatase/uso terapêutico , Fasciite/cirurgia , Carcinoma de Mama in situ/cirurgia , Carcinoma de Mama in situ/tratamento farmacológico
14.
Rev. argent. mastología ; 37(135): 9-18, jul. 2018. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1118010

RESUMO

Objetivo Este trabajo tiene como objetivo evaluar las características de las lesiones papilares malignas diagnosticadas en una obra social durante el período que abarca desde marzo de 2007 hasta agosto de 2015. Material y método Se realizó un análisis retrospectivo descriptivo de corte trasversal donde se incluyeron 56 pacientes con diagnóstico de Carcinoma ductal in situ papilar (cdis papilar), Carcinoma papilar encapsulado y Carcinoma papilar invasor. Se evaluaron las características clínicas, imagenológicas y anatomopatológicas. Conclusiones Las lesiones papilares malignas representan un desafío para el diagnóstico y manejo del equipo tratante dada su baja frecuencia y constante revisión de criterios diagnósticos y de manejo posterior


Objective The aim of the current study is to evaluate the characteristics of malignant papillary lesions diagnosed during march 2007 through agost 2015. Materials and method Retrospective and descriptive analysis has been made incluiding 56 patients with pathological diagnostic of papillary dcis, encapsulated carcinoma and invasive papillary carcinoma. We analyzed clinical characteristics, form of presentation in radiological features and pathological findings. Conclusions Papillary lesions of the breast represent a challenge for diagnostic an clinical management for clinicians involved, due to low frequency and a lack of clinical guidelines


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Carcinoma Papilar , Carcinoma Intraductal não Infiltrante , Diagnóstico
15.
Rev. argent. mastología ; 37(134): 80-94, abr. 2018. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1118125

RESUMO

Objetivo El objetivo del trabajo es describir la experiencia del Servicio de Mastología del Hospital Alemán de Buenos Aires en el diagnóstico, tratamiento y seguimiento del Carcinoma Ductal In Situ (cdis) de la mama. Material y método Se analizan retrospectivamente 953 carcinomas de mama tratados en el Servicio de Mastología del Departamento de Ginecología y Obstetricia del Hospital Alemán de Buenos Aires, entre enero de 2004 y diciembre de 2014. Resultados Se identificaron 206 biopsias (brq 25; Mammotome 151; core biopsia 30) de Carcinomas Ductales In Situ. Luego de su evaluación anatomopatológica definitiva, del total de las 953 pacientes analizadas, 172 (18%) resultaron Carcinomas Ductales In Situ puros. En cuanto al informe imagenológico, de esas 206 pacientes, el 80,1% presentó microcalcificaciones. El diagnóstico de Carcinoma In Situ fue realizado en 181 (87%) pacientes por procedimientos microinvasivos preoperatorios y en las 25 (13%) pacientes restantes por Biopsia Radioquirúrgica (brq). Se evidenció un 18,8% de subdiagnóstico luego de procedimientos microinvasivos. En nuestra casuística el 84,3% fue gh3/gh2 mientras que el 15,7% resultó gh1. Al comparar en las piezas quirúrgicas el tamaño y correlacionarlo con los 34 casos de carcinoma invasor y microinvasor, se observó el 54,8% de invasión en aquellos tumores mayores a 30 mm, el 50,4% en aquellos que superaron los 21 mm y ningún caso en los tumores menores a 10 mm. El 20% de las lesiones multicéntricas se asoció a tumor invasor. Se practicó técnica de ganglio centinela en 23,8% pacientes en primera cirugía, resultando negativo en todos los casos. En cuanto al tratamiento radiante y hormonal, se determinó que se realizó radioterapia en 131 pacientes (85,6%) y tratamiento hormonal en el 75%. En el seguimiento hasta diciembre de 2014 se registraron 11 recaídas (5,23%) Conclusiones El porcentaje de cdis del 18% presentado en nuestra casuística y los resultados comparativos coinciden con lo publicado en la literatura indexada.


Objective To describe our experience in the diagnosis, treatment and follow up of patientes with Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (dcis). Materials and method A total of 953 patients with breast cancer were treated in the Breast Cancer Unit of the Hospital Alemán of Buenos Aires, from January 2004 until December 2014. Results dcis was identified in 206 patients (25 by surgical excision, 151 by Mammotome and 30 by core biopsy). After final pathological evaluation, 172 (18%) resulted in pure dcis. Of the 206 patients diagnosed with dcis, 80,1% presented with microcalcifications on breast imaging studies and 181 (87%) patients were diagnosed through preoperative microinvasive procedures and 25 (13%) through surgical excision. Microinvasive procedures showed a 18,8% of subdiagnosis. 84,3% were Grade 3/2 and 15,7% were Grade 1 tumors. Compared with the 34 patients diagnosed with invasive and microinvasive carcinomas, invasion was observed in 54,8% in tumors over 30 mm, 50,4% in those over 21 mm and none in tumors less than 10 mm. 20% of multicentric carcinomas were associated with invasive tumors. Sentinel lymph node technique was performed in 23,8% of patients and none resulted positive. Radiotherapy was performed in 131 (85,6%) cases, and 75% received hormonal treatment. Until December 2014, 11 (5,53%) recurrences were diagnosed. Conclusions Our results as to diagnosis, treatment and recurrence rate pure of dcis are consistent with the international indexed literature.


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Neoplasias da Mama , Carcinoma Intraductal não Infiltrante , Carcinoma Intraductal não Infiltrante/diagnóstico
16.
Ultrasonography ; : 55-62, 2018.
Artigo em Inglês | WPRIM | ID: wpr-731002

RESUMO

PURPOSE: This study assessed the outcomes of ultrasound (US)-guided core needle biopsies (CNBs) of breast lesions with at least 2 years of follow-up to determine the false-negative rate and to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of CNB. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 13,254 consecutive US-guided 14-gauge CNBs for breast lesions. We excluded biopsies if non-malignant biopsy result was not confirmed by surgical excision or US-guided vacuum-assisted biopsy, or fewer than 2 years of follow-up data were available. A total of 4,186 biopsies were excluded, and 9,068 breast masses from 7,039 women were included. The pathologic findings from each CNB were assessed using the standard diagnostic reference, defined based on the results of surgical excision, vacuum-assisted biopsy, or at least 2 years of long-term imaging follow-up. The false-negative rate and underestimation rate were calculated. RESULTS: Of the 9,068 CNBs, benign pathology was found in 64.2%, high-risk results in 3.5%, and malignant results in 32.3%. Of the 5,821 benign CNBs, an additional malignancy was found at excision in 63 lesions, leading to a false-negative rate of 2.0% (63 of 3,067). The underestimation rate was 33.6% (111 of 330) for ductal carcinoma in situ and 24.5% (79 of 322) for high-risk results at surgical excision. Most false-negative diagnoses (84.1%, 53 of 63) were recognized through imaging-histology correlations, and immediate rebiopsies were performed. Ten malignancies (15.9%, 10 of 63) had delayed diagnoses and showed progression in follow-up US imaging. CONCLUSION: US-guided 14-gauge CNB provided optimal diagnostic information. Imaging-histology correlations and appropriate imaging follow-up should be performed to avoid delayed diagnoses.


Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Biópsia , Biópsia com Agulha de Grande Calibre , Mama , Carcinoma Intraductal não Infiltrante , Diagnóstico Tardio , Diagnóstico , Seguimentos , Biópsia Guiada por Imagem , Patologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Ultrassonografia
17.
Korean Journal of Clinical Oncology ; (2): 15-20, 2018.
Artigo em Inglês | WPRIM | ID: wpr-788029

RESUMO

PURPOSE: In the present study, factors related to the recurrence of breast ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) in Korean patients were identified, and the prognostic factors for each age group were explored.METHODS: The subjects were 226 patients who were diagnosed with DCIS by histopathologic examination, and the effect of representative prognostic factors that are known already, including estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status, Ki-67 levels, and adjuvant therapy on the recurrence of DCIS was analyzed by using the Cox proportional hazard model.RESULTS: Among the 226 subjects, 11 patients underwent the recurrence of breast cancer. The average follow-up period was 52.7±23.5 months. The average age of the subjects was 50.6±9.3 years. Among the DCIS patients, the recurrence of breast cancer was significantly higher in the ER negative patients and those who have a Ki-67 level over 20%. However, the PR and HER2 status did not significantly affect breast cancer recurrence. The result also showed that only ER negative was a significant factor before the age of 50 years and that only the Ki-67 level over 20% was a significant factor to the patients 50 years of age or older.CONCLUSION: DCIS patients should be appropriately treated and managed depending on their age and clinicopathological factors to prevent the recurrence of DCIS.


Assuntos
Humanos , Neoplasias da Mama , Mama , Carcinoma Ductal , Carcinoma Intraductal não Infiltrante , Estrogênios , Seguimentos , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Receptores ErbB , Receptores de Progesterona , Recidiva
18.
Ultrasonography ; : 307-314, 2018.
Artigo em Inglês | WPRIM | ID: wpr-731054

RESUMO

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ultrasonographic features of pure ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast and to evaluate the correlations of ultrasonographic features with pathologic and biological features. METHODS: A total of 141 lesions in 138 women with pure DCIS who underwent preoperative breast ultrasonography were retrospectively reviewed. Ultrasonographic features were analyzed using the American College of Radiology Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) ultrasonography lexicon and the diagnostic criteria of the Japan Society of Ultrasonics in Medicine. Pathologic features including the nuclear grade and presence of comedonecrosis were evaluated. Biological markers including estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status, as well as the Ki-67 index, were recorded. Ultrasonographic features were compared with pathologic findings and biological markers using the chi-square test. P-values of < 0.05 were considered to indicate statistical significance. RESULTS: Of the 141 lesions, 75 (53.2%) were mass lesions, 56 (39.7%) were non-mass lesions, and 10 (7.1%) were not visible. The most common feature of the mass pattern was a mass with irregular shape (32.6%), an indistinct margin (27.7%), and hypoechogenicity (37.6%). Microcalcifications were observed in 48 cases (36.6%) as an associated feature. Calcifications outside of a mass were more common than calcifications within a mass. Ultrasonographic microcalcifications and ductal changes were frequently observed in non-mass lesions. Ultrasonographic non-mass lesions were associated with high-grade DCIS (P=0.004) and the presence of comedonecrosis (P=0.006). Microcalcifications were significantly associated with high-grade DCIS (P < 0.001), the presence of comedonecrosis (P < 0.001), an elevated Ki-67 (P < 0.001), and HER2 positivity (P=0.003). CONCLUSION: The most common ultrasonographic feature of pure DCIS was an irregular, hypoechoic mass with an indistinct margin. Ultrasonographic microcalcifications and ductal changes were more frequent in non-mass lesions, which were correlated with poor prognostic factors, such as a high nuclear grade, comedonecrosis, HER2 positivity, and an elevated Ki-67 index.


Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Biomarcadores , Mama , Carcinoma Ductal , Carcinoma Intraductal não Infiltrante , Estrogênios , Sistemas de Informação , Japão , Patologia , Receptores ErbB , Receptores de Progesterona , Estudos Retrospectivos , Ultrassom , Ultrassonografia , Ultrassonografia Mamária
19.
Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research ; : 63-68, 2018.
Artigo em Inglês | WPRIM | ID: wpr-739562

RESUMO

PURPOSE: PET/CT is useful in preoperative evaluation of invasive breast cancer (IBC) to predict axillary metastasis and staging workup. The usefulness is unclear in cases of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) diagnosed at biopsy before surgery, which sometimes is upgraded to IBC after definitive surgery. The aim of this study is to find out the usefulness of PET/CT on DCIS as a preoperative evaluation tool. METHODS: We investigated 102 patients preoperatively diagnosed with DCIS who subsequently underwent definitive surgery between 2010 and 2015. The uptake of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose was graded by visual and semiquantitative methods. We analyzed the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of each patient with clinicopathologic variables. We determined optimal cutoff values for SUVmax by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. RESULTS: Fifteen cases out of 102 cases (14.7%) were upgraded to IBC after surgery. The SUVmax was higher in patients upgraded to IBC (mean: 2.56 vs. 1.36) (P = 0.007). The SUVmax was significantly higher in patients who had symptoms, palpable masses, lesions over 2 cm in size and BI-RAD category 5. Both visual and semiquantitative analysis were significant predictors of IBC underestimation. SUVmax of 2.65 was the theoretical cutoff value in ROC curve analysis in predicting the underestimation of IBC. The underestimation rate was significantly higher in patients with SUVmax >2.65 (P < 0.001), over the moderate enhanced uptake on visual analysis (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: PET/CT can be used as a complementary evaluation tool to predict the underestimation of DCIS combined with the lesion size, palpable mass, symptomatic lesion, and BI-RAD category.


Assuntos
Humanos , Biópsia , Neoplasias da Mama , Carcinoma Ductal , Carcinoma Intraductal não Infiltrante , Metástase Neoplásica , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons combinada à Tomografia Computadorizada , Curva ROC
20.
Archives of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery ; : 42-45, 2018.
Artigo em Inglês | WPRIM | ID: wpr-739156

RESUMO

Various reconstructive and/or oncoplastic options are available for breast cancer patients. In properly selected patients, autologous tissue-based reconstruction usually results in aesthetic, natural breasts. The choice of a reconstructive option for a breast cancer patient is a multifactorial decision that should consider the patient's values and preferences, as well as oncologic variables. A case of a 47-year-old woman who underwent bilateral skin-sparing mastectomy (SSM) and bilateral abdominally-based reconstruction despite having unilateral breast cancer. Right SSM and left lumpectomy were indicated for ductal carcinoma in situ in the right breast and benign tumors with microcalcifications in the left breast. The patient had very small breasts and wished for larger breasts, using her own tissue, to be created in a single-stage operation. Right SSM and left subcutaneous mastectomy were followed by bilateral free transverse rectus abdominis flap reconstruction and nipple sharing.


Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias da Mama , Mama , Carcinoma Intraductal não Infiltrante , Mamoplastia , Mastectomia , Mastectomia Segmentar , Mastectomia Subcutânea , Mamilos , Reto do Abdome , Neoplasias Unilaterais da Mama
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